Reading Report Essay Example for Free

Reading Report Essay Remedial phonics teaches students to break words down into phonemes or speech sounds, the smallest units of spoken language. Students must learn to recognize phonemes and their corresponding letter combinations to the point where it becomes automatic. This requires a lot of drill and practice in two directions: auditory to visual, and visual to auditory. In auditory drills, students might listen to the phoneme and write down the corresponding letter. In visual drills, they might practice recognizing letters and sounding them out. Teaching students to recognize and use different types of syllable is another crucial element in a remedial phonics program. A key skill in learning to read is dividing longer words into syllables. Once students have mastered the basic phonemes, they are ready for a more advanced study of morphology, which breaks down words into their smallest units of meaning. These units, called morphemes include affixes, base words and roots. Syntax (formal grammar) and reading comprehension strategies are also taught. Traditional classroom teaching tends to emphasize auditory and visual learning, but does not give students much opportunity to use touch or movement in acquiring new information and skills. Remedial phonics instruction must utilize all three learning pathways simultaneouslyauditory, visual and kinesthetic-tactile. READER’S LOGIC: Intensive phonics instruction is widely regarded as the best remedial approach for students who have difficulty learning to read and spell. This is especially true of intelligent children who are less sensitive to the speech sounds that make up words, or who may have difficulty with visual processing. There are no quick fixes, but with the right instruction these students can learn to read and write as well as anybody. Elementary Reading Help: Reading Aloud to your 3rd and 4th Graders AUTHOR’S LOGIC: Reading is a basic focus and receives a lot of attention in class, but there isnt enough time in the school day to reinforce all the skills your child is expected to master. Elementary school students benefit from any outside help they can get to help them master the fundamentals of reading. Parents can help by reading aloud with their students. Reading aloud encourages students to practice reading skills like clear enunciation. It can allow parents to monitor their third and fourth graders reading. Best of all, reading aloud can help bring your family together. Many families have a hard time developing, and sticking to, a reading schedule. But the sessions dont need to be long. You can build it into the bedtime ritual. Its a great time for you and your student to bond and relax before going to sleep at the end of a hectic day. If you have more than one child, try reading with each child separately. This gives children the chance to read at their own pace and ability and creates a special time for just the two of you. Parents can create a reading ritual very early in a childs life. In fact, within the first few months of life, an infant can watch pictures and listen to your voice as you read. You can help your baby or toddler with word recognition by pointing at an object as you say the objects name. Have your child follow along with the words using their pointer finger. By reading together, you can select works that are slightly beyond their current reading skill level. Helping your child with words and concepts they dont understand will build their vocabulary. Its a great way to foster growth without the pressure of assignments that comes with school lessons, which can be discouraging. Letting your child read something they like is the best way to help them see the value of learning to read. After finishing your reading, make sure to leave ample time to discuss the story afterward. This will help you determine if your elementary school student is comprehending the stories and strengthening their reading skills. Ask questions during the reading so you can reread any parts of the story your child has missed. Let your child quiz you as well. This will keep him or her involved in the story. READER’S LOGIC: One of the best things a family can do to promote reading is to read books to each other, aloud. Read on to learn how to start a family reading program that will be beneficial to your elementary school student. Making the Home a Reading-friendly Place AUTOR’S LOGIC: One of the most important things a parent can do to create friendly learning environment is to ensure their children have access to all of the necessary materials. Parents should stock paper, pencils, pens, crayons, and markers in an area their child has access to. Additionally, make sure there is a table where your child is comfortable drawing and writing. Alphabet and word magnets can help foster creativity in children. The magnets allow children to learn their alphabet, spell out words and write sentences. A variety of age-appropriate books is also important in creating a reading-friendly household. Parents should aim to expose their children to numerous writing styles and resources. For example, a parent of a small child should have at least one alphabet book, several rhyme books, picture books, and books of short stories. Each type of book will help your child develop the skills he or she needs to become a well-rounded reader and provides your child with the freedom and opportunity to explore reading on his or her own. You and your child can expand reading options by visiting your local library or book stores regularly. Take your child when you go to the library and bookstore to expose him or her to all of the reading possibilities that are available to children of their age. Supplying a child with reading and writing supplies is not enough by itself. Parents should read with their children at home. It is recommended that parents read with their child several times a week. Reading together will encourage your child to explore this skill on their own. Additionally, it is the parents opportunity to teach basic reading skills. Start reading to your child as soon as possible, even when they are still infants. This will help you develop the habit and skill of reading aloud. Reading to a baby and toddler will also help them with word recognition and vocabulary. Parents are also encouraged to help children learn the alphabet and how to properly write the letters of the alphabet. Expanding a childs vocabulary and verbal communication skills will encourage them to improve reading. Try to teach your child several new words each week and show him or her how to use them in a sentence. Parents should also encourage their kids to talk about their day and various experiences like parties and field trips. Doing this will help a child learn how to convey thoughts and how a story is formatted. Reading your own books, magazines and newspapers also helps to create a reading-friendly household. This is because you are setting an excellent example for your children. Youngsters often copy their parents actions, so reading on your free time will encourage them to do this action as well. Children will fail to value reading if their parents never take the time to read! READER’S LOGIC: Parents should strive to create a nurturing household. One aspect of a nurturing environment is making the home an environment that welcomes reading. Read on to learn more about making your home a reading friendly place. In order for a child to excel at school, he or she must be exposed to pre-reading and reading skills in their home. Many parents are unsure exactly what type of activities to implement in order to create a reading-friendly house environment. Working with your Child to Develop Stronger Math Skills AUTHOR’S LOGIC: Be sure your young learner has a mastery of creating the numerals in writing. Its a separate skill. Some children can count and even add large numbers in their head or with props from a very young age, but have difficulty when it comes to working it out on paper. Games are a great way to build understanding. In school math can be just another subject. Building a recognizable link between school work and daily  life is crucial to education. You can get board games, computer games, online games, or you can just make adding or sequence games up as you ride along in your car. Find math in the kitchen, in the garden, in the play room. Number games make counting and working with numbers a fun part of life instead of a daunting required subject. Understanding spatial relationships is an often underestimated but fundamental skill. Just making a letter fit on the line involves the ability to estimate and work with space. Measuring furniture, floor space, the distance from the bedroom to the bathroom are all great exercises. You can work with inches and feet, and convert from one to the other. In time youll be able to explore the metric system and begin measuring volume. This will help give your child a sense of how things fit together and how to work with the numbers that describe those relationships. The math children use in school is just a formal application of all kinds of daily experiences. When a child makes that realization, a light will go on and hell become curious. When curiosity sets in, learning becomes fun. When learning becomes fun theres no stopping it! A child who struggles with math at school doesnt need constant drilling of specific problems. He needs varied experiences that allow him to work with numbers in a hands on way. When he has the concepts woven into his perspective, hell be better equipped to handle the formal arithmetic he encounters in the classroom. READER’S LOGIC: Math skills develop from every day life experiences long before they are formalized in the classroom. From writing the numerals correctly to grasping basic math facts, you can help your child develop math skills according to their natural ability and learning style. Children develop math skills at different rates and in different ways. A common problem is that a child has trouble remembering math problems no matter how many times they review them. Its important to stimulate a childs mind in various ways to reach him as an individual and build a connection between his mind and the material he needs to master in school. Here are some ways to approach the teaching of math and things to watch for that take into account the varied rates of development in different children. Teaching Reading to Older Kids Who Have Learning Disabilities AUTHOR’S LOGIC: Short vowels usually occur before one or more consonants when in closed syllables. Students can be taught to read the syllables and then to spell them in longer, age-appropriate vocabulary. Once they have six or seven syllable types under their belts, students can chunk sequences of letters together, recognize them visually as a unit and understand spelling patterns. As syllable recognition develops, students can learn more about prefixes, root words and suffixes, to the point where they can link meaning with the spelling components of the new words they encounter. Some learning-disabled readers struggle with word retrieval. That means they dont develop word sufficient word recognition. Quick speed drills can develop automatic recognition of syllables and words and phrases. In one drill, a student will read several lines of easily confused syllables, such as pre, pro and per. Other methods include taking turns with a passage in a group setting, reading along with a tape-recording, reading an assigned part in of a play and rereading familiar text. Teachers use new words as often as possible in classroom conversation and reward students for noticing, or if the student uses the word outside of class. Students are taught to use context, root words, word origins to figure out word meanings. In the best case, word study will linked to class subjects. READER’S LOGIC: Learning disabled students struggle with math and reading, but socially they can be as developed as their classmates. Age appropriate settings and methods help older students who struggle with learning disabilities to acquire the math and reading skills they lack. Techniques for teaching older kids to overcome their reading disabilities enables students to learn in an environment appropriate to their age and social development. Students who progress in reading at a normal rate can read most of the words in their daily vocabulary by 4th or 5th grade. After that, new words come at the rate of several thousand new words per year, primarily through reading. Most older readers who suffer learning disabilities are exposed to more spoken words than they can read. Older students have to overcome a huge vocabulary deficit before they can get beyond the 5th grade reading level. The following are three common areas where older reading-disabled students tend to struggle, along with methods employed to teach them what they need to excel beyond the limits of their disability.

The Metamorphosis of Macbeth Essay -- GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Metamorphosis of Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth demonstrates what can happen when one pursues power at the expense of everything else.     The main character, Macbeth begins the play as a strong character that is greatly admired, however as the play progresses, Macbeth's personality and actions become more and more deceitful. Macbeth’s deceit eventually leads to his destruction. Following the murder of Duncan, Macbeth realizes that the murder has put him into the control of demon forces which are the enemy of mankind. Macbeth recognizes that the conscious acts which torture him essentially reduce him to a human individual. This is the inescapable bond that keeps him "pale" and at Act 3 Scene 2, he states: "Come seeling night Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day, And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond Which keeps me pale" The above quote by Macbeth demonstrates that he imagines that the execution of more murderous deeds, (instigation of the murder of Banquo), will help him pursue his interest of personal safety and also destroy any personal humanity left within himself. Immediately after the death of Duncan, Macbeth is disgusted with himself for murdering Duncan. This is shown by Macbeth when he states: "I have done the deed" He says this instead of simply saying that he has murdered Duncan and is consequently almost trying to avoid the subject. This demonstrates that Macbeth is deeply ashamed of what he has done. Macbeth also feels that the killing of Duncan has cut him off from God, because before the murder the text is full of references to things being divine, but following the murder everything in the text becomes bleak and unhol... ...e prophecies give Macbeth a false sense of security. Macbeth is very insecure, which is an explanation as to why he feels he has to kill anyone who he remotely views as a threat to his reign including his plan to murder Macduff: "I'll make assurance double sure" I think this is because he is so insecure that he feels he needs to kill Macduff to make the prophecy come true. The multiple roles of Macbeth in the play demonstrate his changing character and illustrate the complete evolution of Macbeth's personality. Macbeth begins as a respectable person and gradually his personality descends until he eventually falls apart and loses control. Perhaps the message that Shakespeare is sending is that no good will come from evil -even if it first appears that you will not be found out. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

A History of the American People

This plan that has been created to increase the level of history education in the United States sounds good. Both books that have been picked out for discussion are excellent choices that describe the history of the United States. In a reading group type of environment, there can many factors that interest the readers. It can all come down to the font of the text or something as simple as the front cover. Based on what the books have to offer though, my recommendation takes into account both parties, the readers and the teachers (being the NCHE). The teacher’s side of the party would want to offer text the accurately describes the history of the United States without leaving important facts that have changed the way the United States has formed. The readers would prefer a book with text that draws their attention and keeps it throughout the whole book’s length. I will go into detail about each book that has been chosen and describe what the main point of the context is. I will first begin with Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People. Johnson begins talking about history in the Preface. Johnson explains how he grew up learning Greek, Roman, and English history. Johnson was never taught about American history while receiving an education, whether it was his family teaching him or Oxford, American history never came up. He began to learn the History of the United States after Oxford. He first began to learn of the history of the United States though his research for his books. He wrote: A History of Christianity, A History of the Jews, Modern Times: the World from the Twenties to the Nineties, and The Birth of the Modern: World Society, 1815-1830. Johnson covers over 400 years of history in his book. He writes in a manner where he aims to make his writing readable, and wants to present the facts fully. Johnson states in the preface that â€Å"Such a fact-filled and lengthy volume as this is bound to contain errors. If readers spot any, I would be grateful if they would write to me at my private address: 29 Newton Road, London W25JR: so that they may be corrected; and if they find any expressions of mine or opinions insupportable, they are welcome to give me their comments so that I may weigh them. † This shows how Johnson is involved in what he writes and is open to change which is what makes a writer. Johnson begins his book stating that â€Å"The creation of the United States is the greatest of all human adventures. No other national story holds such tremendous lessons, for the American people themselves and for the rest of mankind. † This statement is coming from a man who first learned the history of the Greeks, Romans, and the English and then the United States history. This is a bold statement to make as the beginning of the book. It can either continue to attract the audience of the book or push them way because it makes it sound as if the entire book will contain pride in the United States and seem bias. The book is based on three questions that he asks in the first page â€Å"First, can a nation rise above the injustices of its origins and, by its moral purpose and performance, atone alone for them†¦ The second question provides the key to the first. In the process of nation-building, can ideals and altruism-the desire to build the perfect community- be mixed successfully with acquisitiveness and ambition, without which no dynamic society can be built at all?†¦ Thirdly, the Americans originally aimed to build an other-worldly ‘City on a Hill,† but themselves designing a republic of the people, to be a model for the entire planet. Have they made good their audacious claims? Have they indeed proved exemplars for humanity? And will they continue to be so in the new millennium? † Johnson relates the book to those three questions throughout the book and relates his facts with them. Johnsons ends the book having answered the three questions that he presented in the beginning. â€Å"It is appropriate to end this history of the American people on a note of success, because the story of America is essentially one of difficulties being overcome by intelligence and skill, by faith and strength of purpose, by courage and persistence. Johnson finds the Americans are â€Å"problem-solving people† which he argues is shown throughout the history of the United States. Johnson ends the book highly supporting Americans and shows his support. There are many supporters of Paul Johnson’s book. â€Å"Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People is as majestic in its scope as the country it celebrates . His theme is the men and women, prominent and unknown, whose energy, vision, courage and confidence shaped a great nation. It is a compelling antidote to those who regard the future with pessimism. – Henry A. Kissinger. The New York Times Book Review positively reviewed the book, â€Å"Arresting contentions and pieces of fascination oddball information†¦. The book also offers a rare opportunity to witness someone trying to make sense of all 400 years of American history and to discover what ‘tremendous lessons’ it holds for all Americans and ‘the rest of mankind. ’† I understand why Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People made it as a finalist to be taught to the group of Americans in order to increase of knowledge of United States history. The book was even â€Å"dedicated to the people of America— strong, outspoken, intense in their convictions, sometimes wrong-headed but always generous and brave, with a passion for justice no nation has ever matched. Now to explain Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States. This book begins with attracting the audience with the cover. The color chosen for the letters on the cover include blue and red and white which in the present time represent the United States. The title of Howard Zinn’s book includes three keywords, People, History and United States. The three keywords are the central topic of what Howard Zinn talks about in A People’s History of the United States. Unlike Johnson, Howard Zinn jumps straight into facts about the beginning of the history of the United States. Johnson started with his main point in the first page but Howard Zinn begins with the history of Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress. Howards Zinn’s main point is found on the title which allows him to begin with the history of the United States versus beginning with a opening statement like Paul Johnson did. What Howard Zinn does differently than Paul Johnson is his method of summary. Paul Johnson seems to become more involved in his summaries gives more detail and a certain subject matter and overlooking other events. Howard Zinn writes a short summary on his events and talks a little about everything. Howard Zinn gives the history of the United States without sympathizing for those who were negatively affected and does not set out the real loser and winner. † My point is not to grieve for the victims and denounce the executioners. Those tears, not anger, cast into the past, deplete our moral energy for the present. And the lines are not always clear. In the long run, the oppressor is also a victim. In the short run (and so far, human history has consisted only of short runs), the victims, themselves desperate and tainted with the culture that oppresses them, turn on other victims. † Howard Zinn will does not want make it sound as if a certain group won in the past and will not explain the failures which is what historians now call history. Howard Zinn explains this to his readers before continuing on with the book. He warns the readers of his style of writing and explains that he will not manipulate facts to seem other then they should be. Howard Zinn writes towards the ending of the book on the title. â€Å"As for the subtitle of this book, it is not quite accurate; a â€Å"people’s history† promises more than any one person can fulfill, and it is the most difficult kind of history to recapture. I call it that anyway because, with all limitations, it is a history disrespectful of governments and respectful of people’s movements of resistance.

Impact Of Leadership Quality At Kfc Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2313 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Employees never work along in the organizations, there must be some kind of teamwork involve in the working process, both formal and informal. Leadership acts as an important factor that strongly influences employees performance, motivation and attitude. It has been argued that differences between success and failure, whether in business, war or football, leadership is largely attributable to success. 1.1 Definition Of Literature Review A literature review is defined as target to show important facts regarding approaches on a topic in the methodological method. It also means they are not primary sources because it is not original or new work. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Leadership Quality At Kfc Business Essay" essay for you Create order 1.2 Definition Of Leadership Leadership is become very much on every managers mind today in organizations. Originations are struggling due to the increasingly dynamic environment. As the challenges of leading and managing increase, leaders of organizations need to understand process, skills and knowledge to perform leader functions effectively. 1.3 Definition Of Motivation Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual need (Belasen Frank, 2008). Motivating employees are one of the continual challenges of managerial behaviour, that are also managers fundamental reasons for engaging in various activities and work. 1.4 Introduction Of KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), as we all know is one of the popular fast food outlets worldwide with the theme Its finger lickin good. The first KFC outlet in Malaysia was opened on 1st January 1973 at Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur. Today there are more than 390 KFC outlets nationwide and are still counting. Great tasting chicken has become synonymous with KFC and has been enjoyed by Malaysians ever since. The KFC we will be talking about is in Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Defining Leadership Leadership can be defined as the process whereby one individual influence other group members towards attaining defined group or organizational goals (Orlando, 2008). More important, successful organizations need effective leadership, who are capable of increasing an organizations employee motivation; in turn improve the overall performance and organizational productivity (Richard, 2007). In addition, Drucker in his The Leader of the Future sums up leadership as The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. It is said that many of the worlds best leaders do not have the integrity as well as certain values which wont be discussed in the modern days. In my opinion, leadership is different from management. Managers have subordinates which are below them while leaders have people who follow them. Managers will normally utilize their position of power in order to do things. In the process of work, managers orders his or her employees while they will follow because of the reward given which is the minimum of their salary. Looking at the other way round, leaders gives up their authoritarian control, due to their followers which follows them in a voluntary way. 2.2 Leadership Theories Terry (2000) has highlighted that leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. Block (2002) has noted that as a process, leadership is, ideally the use of non-coercive influence to shape the groups or organizations goals, motivate behavior towards the achievement of those goals and help define group or organizational culture. Effective Leadership Russell, (2000) defined effective leader as those leaders who are able to improve organization productivities, in turn develop distinctive competitive advantages for organizations. In other words, effective leaders usually have an inspiring vision; they will try to form a group of people to work as a team, making them into a powerful team which utilizes as a competitive advantage. Effective leaders know how to make people function according to what they are good at, and how to motivate them to excel their performance. Leaders need to understand the balance technique in any individual team members quest with the objective of creating synergy. Leaders need his or her members in their team to forego the goal for the individual best coherent with the effort of the whole team. 2.3 Leadership Style Autocratic vs. Democratic vs. Laissez-faire leadership style Taggart (1989) defined that, broad classification of leadership style consists of authoritarian (or autocratic) style, democratic style and laissez-faire (genuine) style. The definition of autocratic style is: It is where the focus of power is with the manager, and all interactions within the group move towards the manager. The manager alone exercises decision-making and authority for determining policy, procedures for achieving goals. Work tasks and relationships, control of rewards or punishments. Kotter (1990) expressed Democratic leadership style takes wishes and suggestions of employees into consideration. It is more a human relations approach, in which all members of the group are seen as equal, and they are all important contributors to the final decision. Laissez-faire leadership style involves limited control or influence of leaders over his or her group members. A member is given a goal and mostly left alone to decide how to achieve it. The leaders function as on e of the group member, and he only provide direction and suggestions when necessary. Task Orientation and People Oriented Leader Behavior Another way of looking at different leadership styles is in terms of dimension of leader behavior. As early as 1950s, a large body of research at University of Michigan and Ohio State University suggested that leaders differ greatly along the dimensions; at the high end of two dimensions is task orientation versus people orientation. Task Orientation leader behavior is more concern about the production and primarily focus on getting the job done. Whereas the People Orientation leader behavior reflects how much a leader is concerned for the people around him, providing support and encouragement for them. There is no hundred percent right or wrong in using which leader behavior, it depends on the situation and organizations nature business. 2.4 Situational Factors Path-goal Theory Different organization has different business environment, we must take the situational factors into the consideration to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership. Bartram Casimir (2007) cited in Houses path-goal theory argued that the primary function of a leaders job is to coach and guide workers to choose the best path for reaching their goals, in the mean time to make valued rewards available in the work place. In short, the leader should clearly know the paths to achieve goals. As showed in the path-goal framework, the path-goal theory contends that employees tend to listen to leaders who are play an helping role in their works, in other words, effective leaders clarifying what employees need to do to get to where they should be, and they help the employees to do so. Moreover, Stone Russell (2004) argued that the theory suggests job satisfaction, motivation, and actual performance are enhanced. In addition, path-goal theory also states four types of lea dership behaviors to help their employees accomplishing tasks. (1) Directive leadership, which is an approach focused on providing specific guide and on planning work rules and schedules. (2) The supportive leadership mainly focuses on build good relations with employees and fulfills their needs and wants. (3) The participative leadership, whereby the leader allow employees to get involved in the decision making process. (4) The achievement oriented leadership is talking about the company leader who sets challenges and expects employees improve performances. Furthermore, the environmental characteristics include three factors like task structure, authority system and work group. Directive leadership style does not match with high task structure. It is not necessarily for leaders to repeatedly tell employees the requirement of some routine works. The authority system is another important characteristic that will affect the leadership styles. The higher degree of formality the less effective of employees performances will show. Source: House, R.J. Mitchell, T.R. 1994, Path-goal theory of leadership, Journal of Contemporary Business, vol. 3, pp. 21-36. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation In sum, developing an effective leadership in organizations is the most essential, yet the most difficult tasks for organization management. Great leadership is the combinations of individual traits, leading skills and of course the situational contexts. As we have discussed above, effective leadership is require both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. The intrapersonal skills are of paramount important, as it is logical and obvious that success or great leader all start from within. Only with personal inside strong desire to excel, passion, enthusiasm, determination, commitment, faith and effective personal values can a person become a true leader for others. A great leader among the people always starts as a great leader of his own. Then, interpersonal skills come into place, where the ability and skills to network, communicate and interact with the other people come into place. The effective leaders can guide companies through many different channels. Because of this, it is important to know which leadership qualities motivate employees the best. Throughout the analysis and evaluation, there have been many leadership style theories identified. As we have found that, the autocratic leadership style has gone out of fashion in recent years, though certain situations, such as emergencies situations. Therefore, effective leaders must adjust the leadership style to various situations. In that sense, there is no one leadership style is appropriate for every occasion or situation. The most effective style to use depends upon the situation and whether the group members are willing and able to take on the responsibility. To be effective as a leader, its important to know your group in terms of knowledge, ability, desire and willingness, and be ready to adapt your style to suit the dynamic environment. An important task in the coming years will be the training and testing of future leaders. Further more, organizations have to have a bigger picture of long term success, that is strengthening leadership competencies will improve organizational effectiveness. When subordinates trusted their leaders leadership, and they deem it is equitable for them to obtain satisfactory rewards and outcomes when they made the greatest efforts. Therefore, effective leadership lead to a positive motivation and motivated employees will satisfy the customers of the organizations. In a long-term, it will help organization creating or maintaining a sustainable organizational competitive advantage. References Svensson, G Wood, G. (2007). Sustainable leadership ethics: a continuous and iterative process. Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280304.htmlHYPERLINK https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280304.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280304.html Belasen, A Frank, N. (2008). Competing values leadership: quadrant roles and personality traits. 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